Ketimpangan Pendapatan dan Middle Income Trap

Authors

  • Tri Wibowo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.31685/kek.v20i2.184

Abstract

Ketimpangan merupakan permasalahan yang lebih kompleks dibanding dengan kemiskinan. Ketimpangan yang tinggi lambat laun akan menjadi penghambat pertumbuhan ekonomi. Terhambatnya pertumbuhan ekonomi, mengakibatkan suatu negara tidak mampu keluar atau terjebak dalam kelompok pendapatan kelas menengah. Artikel ini ingin mengetahui gambaran serta posisi Indonesia dalam kelompok negara Middle Income. Metode analisis digunakan adalah metode deskriptif dalam bentuk grafis, serta penghitungan matematis sederhana. Dari hasil analisis diperoleh bahwa selama dua dasawarsa ketimpangan pendapatan di Indonesia mengalami peningkatan. Pada tahun 1990, sebesar 20 persen penduduk terkaya Indonesia (kuintil 5) menguasai 39 persen total pengeluaran seluruh penduduk. Pada tahun 2010, naik menjadi 44 persen atau sebesar 44 persen total pengeluaran berasal dari 20 persen orang terkaya di Indonesia. Meskipun demikian, posisi Indonesia relatif cukup baik bila dibandingkan dengan negara-negara yang berada dalam kelompok Lower Middle Income. Dengan kuadran kartesius, Indonesia berada pada kelompok negara dengan kriteria GNI per kapita tinggi dan ketimpangan yang rendah.

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Published

2017-01-24

Issue

Vol. 20 No. 2 (2016)

Section

Articles

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